Second

second (เซคเคินด) n.คนหรือสิ่งที่เป็นที่สองหรืออยู่อันดับสอง ฯลฯ วินาที,.. vt. สนับสนุน..Any proposal must  be seconded by two other members of the committee.
แต่ถ้าออกเสียงหนักที่พยางค์หลัง คือ ( ซิ ค่อนด) v. (usually passive) หมายถึงส่งลูกจ้างไปแผนกอื่นหรือ สำนักงานอื่น ฯลฯ ตัวอย่าง Each year two teachers are seconded to industry for six months.

การเรียนภาษาต่างประเทศ ตัวช่วยที่สำคัญมาก ในการเรียน คือ Dictionary เพราะฉนั้นการเลือกใช้ Dictionary  จึงสำคัญมาก  แน่นอนถ้าเราใช้ English Dictionary  ได้ก็ไม่มีปัญหา แต่ผู้เริ่มเรียนภาษาใหม่ๆ ยังต้องอาศัย Dictionary  ภาษาไทย  จากประสบการณ์ส่วนตัว พจนานุกรม English -Thai ที่ดีที่สุดก็คือ New Model English-Thai Dictionary โดย อาจารย์ สอ เสถบุตร เพราะออกเสียงใกล้เคียงกับ Oxford
Dictionary มาที่สุด
 ถ้าเราเรียนภาษาอังกฤษแล้ว ต้องการจะฟัง และพูดได้  สิ่งที่ละเลยไม่ได้ก็คิอการออกเสียง ให้ถูกต้อง  การจะออกเสียงได้ถูกต้อง สิ่งแรกก็คือใช้ Dictionary ที่ดี เช่น คำว่า second คำนี้มีสองพยางค์ ภาษาอังกฤษ ตั้งแต่ สองพยางค์ขึ้นไป จะมีพยางค์หนึ่งต้องออกเสียงหนัก (stress)คำนี้ ออกเสียงหนักที่พยางค์แรก คือ  Sec  ออกเสียงเบา ที่ ond  จึงออกเสียงว่า เซค  เคินด สิ่งสำคัญต่อมาก็คือการฟังเสียงเจ้าของภาษาให้มาก ฝรังพูดว่า  If speech depends on hearing, and books don't talk, what are you to do?
คือหนังสือพูดไม่ได้  จะรู้ว่าคำนั้นออกเสียงอย่างไร วิธีที่ดีที่สุดก็คือ ฟังคำนั้น หลายๆ ครั้ง จนจำได้ออกเสียงอย่างไร
ที่มา
New model English-Thai Dictionary by So sethaputra( สอ เสถสบุตร) and
Oxford  Advanced Learner's Dictionary 7 th edition
Better English Pronunciation by  J.D.O' Connor

Do ,Does, Did

1.ใช้เป็นกริยาหลักแปลว่า ทำ เช่น
 I  do  my  homework.
 He does  his  homework.
 They  do  their  homework.

2.ใช้เป็นกริยาช่วยสร้างให้เป็นประโยคคำถาม เมื่อในประโยคนั้นมีแต่กริยาแท้เช่น
  He goes to school every day. คำถามจะเป็น Does he go to school every day?
  They work  hard  every day.  คำถามจะเป็น Do they work  hard every day?

3.ใช้เป็นกริยาช่วยสร้างให้เป็นประโยคปฏิเสธ เช่น (do +not, does+not, did+not)
He goes to school every day. ประโยคปฏิเสธจะเป็น He does not go to school every day.
They work hard every day.  ประโยคปฏิเสธจะเป็น They do not work hard every day.

4.Do , Does เป็นปัจจุบันกาล  Did เป็นอดีตกาล
   Do ใช้กับประธานคือ  I , You  และ ประธานพหูพจน์ทั่วไป
   Does ใช้กับประธานที่เป็นเอกพจน์บุรุษที่ 3 เช่น  a boy, a girl, he , she ,it a book, a house เป็นต้น
   Did ใช้กับประธานทุกตัวที่ใช้ใน อดีดกาล เช่น He went  to Pattaya yesterday. ประโยคคำถามจะเป็น Did he go to Pattaya yesterday?  ประโยคปฏิเสธจะเป็น  He did not  go to Pattaya yesterday.

ข้อสังเกต เมื่อใช้ Do , does ,did กริยาในประโยคต้องกลับไปเป็นรูปเดิมคือ  ไม่มี s or es (เอา  s หรือ es ออก) กริยาช่องที่ 2 เช่น  went  ก็ต้องกลับเป็นช่องที่ 1 คือ go

(a) few , (a) little

1.Few is used with plural nouns; little is used with singular uncountable nouns. Few ใช้กับคำนามพหูพจน์ Little ใช้ กับคำนามนับไม่ได้
   Few politicicans realize the importance of solar energy.  I have little interest in politics.

2.Without articles, Few and Little usually have rather negative meanings.They often suggest 'not as much /many as one would like'. or 'not as much /many  as expected; or a similar idea. Few and Little ใช้ในความหมายว่า มีน้อยกว่าต้องการ คาดหวัง
  The average MP has little real  power.
Few people can speak a foreign language  perfectly.

3.A few and a little are more positive: their meaning is closer to 'some'.They often suggest idea like 'better than nothing' or 'more than expected.' A few/a little มีน้อย แต่มีมากกว่าที่คาดหวัง
  Would you like a little champage?
  You don't  need to go shopping . There are a few eggs in the fridge,and  I 've got a little bread and cheese-it'll  be enough for supper.
Compare:
His theory is very difficult: few people understand it.
His theory is very difficult ,but a few people understand it.

4.Note that few and little (without articles) are unusaul in an informal style. We usually prefer to say not many , not much , only a few or only a little. few/little ไม่ค่อยใช้กับ informal style มักใช้ not many,not much , only a few/ only a little มากกว่า
 Come on!  We haven't got much time!
 Only a few people are perfectly  bilingual.

5.Only placed before a little / a few emphasizess that the number or amount really is small in the speaker'sopintin. : Only a few of our customers have accounts.เมื่อมี only ว่างไว้หน้า few/little เน้นว่า จำนวนน้อย ในความคิดของผู้พูด

 6.But quite places before a few  increases the number considerablely:   I have quite a few books on art.(quite a lot of books) เมื่อมี quite วางไว้หน้า few เพิ่มจำนวน บอกว่ามีมาก

much, many, a lot etc

1. Much and many are used  most often  in  questions  and  negative sentences .In affirmative sentenses they are not so commmon, and we generally use expressions like Lots (of), a lot (of) and plenty (of) .This is particulary true in informal style (for instance, in conversation).  คำว่า much and many มักใช้ในประโยคคำถามและประโยคปฏิเสธ ไม่ค่อยใช้ใน  ประโยคบอกเล่า ๆ มักใช้ lot (of),a lot (of) and plenty (of) โดยเฉพาะภาษาที่ใช้ไม่ใช่ทางการ        Compare:
 'How much money have you got?'-'It's OK, I've got plenty.'
'Did you have much trouble with the customer?'-Rather a lot.'
'There isn't much food left, is there?'-'There 's lots of bread and soup.'
 Celia talks a lot.
He 's got plenty of men friends ,but he doesn't know many girls.
We've  played lots of matches this season,but we haven't won many.
A lot of my friends are thinking of emigrating, but I don't  suppose many of them will in the end?
2. There is not much difference between  a lot (of) and lots (of); they can both be used with singular(uncountable) or plural words.
When a lot is used with a plural word, the verb is plural; when lots is used with a singular word, the verb is singular.  คำว่า a lot ใช้กับคำพหูพจน์ และ Lots ใช้กับคำเอกพจน์  Compare:
A lot of us were invited at the last munute.
'Where are my shirts?'-'There are a lot in the washing machine.'
There 's still lots of snow in the garden.
3. Lot and plenty are rather conversational words. In a more formal style,a great deal (of), (+singular) and a large number (of)(+plural) are often used in affirmative sentences instead of Much and Many.
Mr.Lucas has spent a great deal of time in the Far East.  คำว่า Lot and plenty ใช้กับประโยคสนทนา แต่ภาษาที่เป็นทางการมักใช้ a great deal(of) + นามเอกพจน์ และใช้ a large number (of)+นามพหูพจน์ ในประโยคบอกเล่าแทนคำว่า much and many
The uaditors have found a large number of mistakes in tghe accounts.

In a more formal style, much and many are also quite often used in affirmative sentences.อาจใช้ much and many กับภาษาที่ไม่เป็นทางการได้ เช่น
Much research has been carried out in order to establish the causes of cancer. In the opinion of many scientists,..
4. Much and many are perfectly normal in affirmative sentences after too, so and as, and in some espressions with very. แต่หลังคำว่า too, so ,as and very มักใช้ much and many เช่น
 Celia talks too much.
You 've bought  too many tomatoes.
There 's so much violence these days.
Try to get as many opinions as you can.
Thank you very much.
I enjoyd the concert very much.
5. Many (adjective) is used before countable nouns.คำว่าmany ใช้กับ นามพหูพจน์
Much (adjective) is used before uncountable nouns.คำว่า much ใช้กับนามนับไม่ได้
  He didn't make many mistakes. We haven't much coffee.
6. They have the same comparative and superlative forms more and most:คำว่า much and many ขั้นกว่าคือ more และขั้นสูงสุดคือ most  เหมือนกัน
  more mistakes /coffee         most men/damage
7. many, much, more , most  can be used as pronouns: คำว่า many, much, more, most ใช้เป็นสรรพนามได้เช่น
  He gets a lot of letters but she doesn't get many.
  You have  a lot of free time but I haven't much.

Take

Take
carry / lead 1.- sth(with you){-sht(to sb)}-(sb)sth to carry or move sth from one place to another: I forgot to take my bag with me when I got off the bus. Take this to the bank for me,would you? Shall I take a gift to my host family? Shall I take my host family a gift? นำ,หยิบ,เอาไป
2.To go with sb from one place to another , especially to guide or lead them: It's too far -I'll take you by car. A boy took us to our room. I'm taking the kids swimming later. The boys were taken to see their grandparents most weekends. นำ / พา
3.to make sb/sth go from one level,situation, etc. to another: Her energy and talent took her to the top of her profession. The new loan takes the total debt to $100,000. I'd like to take my argument a stage further. He believes he has the skills to take the club forward. We'll take the matter forward at our next meeting(= discuss it further). ทำให้ /ก่อให้เกิด/ดำเนินการ
4.Reach and hold- to put your hands or arms around sb/sth and hold them/it ; to reach for sb/sth and hold them/it: I passed him a rope and he took it. Free newspapers: please take one. Can you take (= hold) the baby for a moment? He took her hand /took her by the hand.(=held her hand,for example to lead her somewhere). She took a child in her arms and kissed him. หยิบ/ จับ/ อุ้ม
Remove 5 to remove sth/sb from a place or a person: Will you take your books off the table? The sign must be taken down. He took some keys out of his pocket.My name had been taken off the list. She was playing with a knife so I took it away from her. take-off เอาออก/ take down เอาลง / take away นำเอาไป
6.to remove sth without permission or by mistake: Someone has taken my scarf. Did the burglars take anything valuable? The storms took the lives of 50 people. เอาไป
7. -sth from sth/out of sth to get something from a particulare source: The scientists are taking water samples from the river. Part of her article is taken straight (= copied) out of my book. The machine takes its name from its inventor. นำไป
Capture 8. -sth(from sb) to capture a place or person; to get control of sth:The rebels succeeded in taking the town. The state has taken control of the company . The rebels took him prisoner. He was taken prisoner by the rebels. ควบคุม
Choose/buy 9. to choose, buy or rent sth: I'll take the grey jacket. /We took a room at the hotel for two nights. ใช้
10.to buy a newspaper or magazine regularly: We take the'Express'. ซื้อ
Eat/drink 11.to eat,drink, etc, sth: Do you take sugar in your coffee? The doctor has given me some medicine to take for my cough? He started taking drugs(=illegal drugs) at college.ใช้
Mathematics 12. -a (away) from b [-a away (not used in the progressive tenses) to reduce one number by the value of another. syn subtract: Take 5 from 12 and you're left with 7. 80 take away 5 is 75.เอาออก
Write down 13. to find out and recod sth; to write sth down: The police officer took my name and address. Did you take notes in the class? จด /
Photograph 14. to photograph sb/sth: to take a photograph/picture/ snapshot of sb/sth. to have your picture/photo taken.ถ่ายภาพ
Measurement 15. to test or measure sth: to take sb's temperature. I need to have my blood pressure taken. วัด /
Seat 16. to sit down in or use a chair,etc. Are these seats taken? Come in; take a seat.จอง/ เชิญนั่ง
Give example 17. used to intgroduce sb/sth as an exaple: Lots of couples have problems in the first year of marriage . Take Ann and Paul. ตัวอย่าง
Accept/received 18. to accept or receive sth: If they offer me the job, I'll take it. She was accused of taking bribes. Does the hotel take credit cards? I't take the call in my office. Why should I take the blame for somebody else's mistakes? If you take my advice you'll have nothing more to do with him. Will you take $10 for the book(= will you sell it for $10)? The store took(=sold goods worth) $100000 last week.รับ/
19. to accept sb as a customer, patient,etc: The shool doesn't take boys (=only has girls). The dentist can't take any new patients. รับ
20.to experience or be affected by sth: The school took the full force of the explosion. Can the ropes take the strean(=not break)? The team took a terrible beating. ประสบการณ์
21.to be able to bear sth: She can't take criticism. I don't think little hard to take.
22.to react to sth/sb in a particular way: He took the criticism surprisingly well. These threats are not to be taken lightly. She took it in the spirit in which it was intended.
consider
23.-sth(as sth)(not used in the progressive tense) to understand or consider sth in a particular way: She took what he said as a compliment. How am I supposed to take that remark? Taken overall, the project was a success. What did you take his comment to mean?
24.-sb/sth for sb/sth to bve sb/sth .to consider sb /sth to be sb/sth, especially when you are wrong: even the experts took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh. Of course, I didn't do it! What do you take me for(= what sort of person do you think I am) I took the man with him to be his father.
Have feeling/opinion 25. to have a particular feeling,opinion or attitude : My parents always took an interest in my hobbies. Don't take offence(= be offened) at what I said. I took a dislike to him. He takes the view that children are responsible for their own actions.
Action 26. to use a particular course of action in order to deal with or achieve sth: The government is taking action to combat drug abuse. We need to take a different approach to the problem.
27. used with nouns to say that sb is doing sth, performing an action,etc: to take a step/walk/ stroll. to take a bath/ shower/ wash. to take a look/ glance. to take a break/rest. No decision will be taken on the matter until next week.
Form/position 28. to have a particular form, position or state:Our next class will take the form of a debate. The new President takes office in January.
Time 29. to need or require a particular amount of time: The journey to the airport takes about half an hour.I takes about half an hour to get to the airport. It took her three hours to repair her bike. That cut is taking a long time to heal. It'll take her time to recover from the illness. I'll take time (= take a long time) for her to revover from the illness. I need a shower- I won't take long.
Need 30. to need or require sth in order to happen or be done: It only takes one careless driver to cause an accident.It doesn't take much to make her angry. He didn't take much persuading (=he was easily persuaded)
31. to use sth in order to work:All new cars take unleaded petrol.
Size of shoes/clothes 32. to wear a particular size in shoes or clothes: What size shoes do you take?
Hold/contain 33. to have enough space for sth/sb; to be able to hold or contain a particular quantiy:The bus can take 60 passengers/ The tank takes 50 litres.
Teach/lead 34. -sb(for sth)[-sth to be the teacher or leader in a class or a religious service: The head teacher usually takes us for French.
study 35. to study a subject at school,college,etc.: She is planning to take a compugte course. How many subjects are you taking this year?
Exam 36. to do an exam or a test: When did you take your driving test?
Transport/road 37. to use a form of transport, a road, apath,etc,to go to a place: to take the bus/plane/tgreain. to take a cap . take the second road on the right. It' moree interesting to take thew coast road.
Go over/ around 38. to go over or around sth: The horse took the first fench well. He takes bends much too fast.
In sports 39. to kick or throw the ball from a fixed or agreeed position: to take a penalty/free kick/ corner.
Vote/survey 40. to use a particular method to find out people's opinions: to take a vote/poll/survey
Be successful 41. to be successful ; to work: The skin graft failed to take.
Grammar 42. to have or required sth when used in a sentence or toher structure: The verb 'rely'takes the prepositon 'on'.

carry

Carry
take with you 1.to support the weight of sb/sth and take them or it from place to place; He was carrying a suitcase. She carried her baby in her arms. The injured were carried away on stretchers. a train carrying computer to work.
2.to have sth with you and take it wherever you go: Police in many countries carry guns. I never carry much money on me.
pipes / wires 3. to contain and direct the flow of water, electricity, etc.: a pipeline carrying oil. The veins carry blood to the heart.
disease 4. if a person, an insect, etc. carries a disease, they are infected with it and might spread it to others although they might not become sick themselves: Ticks can carry a nasty disease which affects humans.
remember 5. -sth in your head/mind to be able to remember sth
support weight 6. to support the weight of sth: a road bridge has to carry a lot of traffic.
resposibility 7. to accept responsibility for sth; to suffer the rusults of sth: He is carrying the department(= it is only working because of his efforts.) Their group was targeted to carry the burden of job losses.
Have has quality/feature 8 to have sth as a qulity or feature:Her speech carried the ring of authority. My views don't carry much weight with(=have much influenced on) the boss. Each bike carries a ten -year guarantee.
9.to have sth as a result : Crimes of violence carry heavy penalties. Each combat sport, karate carries with it the risk of injure
of throw/kick 10. if sth that is thrown, kicked, etc, carries a particualar distance, it travels a that distance before stopping: The fullback's kick carried 50 metres into the crowd.
of sound 11 If a sound crries, it can be heard a long distance away.
Take to place /position 12. -sht/sb to/ into sht to take sth/sb to a particular poin or in a particular direction: The war was carried into enemy territory. Her abilityes carred her to the top of here profession.
approval/support 13. to approve of sth by more people voting for it than against it: The resolution was carried by 340 votes to 210
14.to win the support or sympathy of sb; to persuade people to accept your argument: His moving speech was enough to carry the audience. She nodded in agreement,and he saw he had carried his point.
Have label 15. to have a particular label or piece of information attached: Cigarettes carry a health warning.
News story 16. if a newspaper or broadcasst carries a particular story ,it publishes or broadcast it.
Item in story 17 if a shop/store c arries a particular item,it has it for sale: We carry a range of educational software.
Baby 18 be carrying sb to be pregnant with sb: She was carrying twins.

Yourself 19 to hold or move you head or body in a particular way: to carry yourself well.
Adding number 20 to add a number to the next column on the left when add up numbers. for example when the numbers add up to more than ten.

transit, transport, transfer

transit/ n.

1.the process of being moved or carried from one place to another: The cost includes transit. goods damaged in transit.
2. the act of going through a place on the way to somewhere else:The transit lounge at Vienna airport. A transit Visa.(= one that allows a person to pass through a country but not to stay here.
3.the system of buses, trains,etc. which people use to travel from one place o another: the city's mass/public transit system.

transport v.
1.to take sth/sb from one place to another in a vehicle: to transport goods/passengers.
2.to move sth. somewhere by means of a natural process. /syn/carry. The seeds are transported by the wind. Blood transports oxygen around the body.
3.to make sb feel that they are in a different place,time or situation: The book transports you to another world.
4.(in the pass) to send sb to a far way place as a punishment: British convicts were transported to
Australia for life.

Transfer v.
To new place 1.(sth/sb)(from....)(to...) to move from one place to another; to move sth/sb from one place to another: The film studio is transferring to Hollywoold. How can I transfer money from my bank account to his? The patient was transferred to another hospital. I couldn't transfer all my credits from junior college. I spend a semester in Madrid, Will my credits transfer?
To new job/ school/situation 2.(sb)(from..)(to..)to move from one job,school,situation,etc.to another;to arrage for sb to move: Children usually transfer to secondary school at 11 or 12. He transerred to Ucla after his freshman year. Ten employees are being transferred from the sales department.
Feeling/ disease/power 3. if you transfer a feeing,a disease, or power,etc. or if it transfers from one person to another,the second person has it, often instead of the first: Joe had alreadly transferred his affections from Lisa to Cleo. This disease is rarely transferred from mother to baby. (=so that the baby has it as well as the mother).
Property 4. -sth(to sb) to officially arrange for sth to belong to sb else or for sb else to control sth./syn/sign over" He transferred the property to his son.
In sport 5. -(sb)(form..) (to...) to move, or to move sb,to a different sports team,especially a professional football(soccer) team: He transferred to Everton for f6 million. He was fransferred from Spurs to Arsenal for a huge fee.
To new vehicle 6.-(sb)(from..)(to..) to change to a different vehicle during a journey; to arrange for sb to change to a different vehicle during a journey: I transferred at Bharain for a flight to Singapore. Passengers are transferred from the airport to the hotel by taxi.
Information/ music,etc. 7. -(sth)(form sth)(to sth) to copy information, music an idea ,etc. from one method fo recording or presenting it to another ; to be recorded or presented in a different way: You can transfer data to a dish in a few seconds. The novel does not transfer well to the movies.