much, many, a lot etc

1. Much and many are used  most often  in  questions  and  negative sentences .In affirmative sentenses they are not so commmon, and we generally use expressions like Lots (of), a lot (of) and plenty (of) .This is particulary true in informal style (for instance, in conversation).  คำว่า much and many มักใช้ในประโยคคำถามและประโยคปฏิเสธ ไม่ค่อยใช้ใน  ประโยคบอกเล่า ๆ มักใช้ lot (of),a lot (of) and plenty (of) โดยเฉพาะภาษาที่ใช้ไม่ใช่ทางการ        Compare:
 'How much money have you got?'-'It's OK, I've got plenty.'
'Did you have much trouble with the customer?'-Rather a lot.'
'There isn't much food left, is there?'-'There 's lots of bread and soup.'
 Celia talks a lot.
He 's got plenty of men friends ,but he doesn't know many girls.
We've  played lots of matches this season,but we haven't won many.
A lot of my friends are thinking of emigrating, but I don't  suppose many of them will in the end?
2. There is not much difference between  a lot (of) and lots (of); they can both be used with singular(uncountable) or plural words.
When a lot is used with a plural word, the verb is plural; when lots is used with a singular word, the verb is singular.  คำว่า a lot ใช้กับคำพหูพจน์ และ Lots ใช้กับคำเอกพจน์  Compare:
A lot of us were invited at the last munute.
'Where are my shirts?'-'There are a lot in the washing machine.'
There 's still lots of snow in the garden.
3. Lot and plenty are rather conversational words. In a more formal style,a great deal (of), (+singular) and a large number (of)(+plural) are often used in affirmative sentences instead of Much and Many.
Mr.Lucas has spent a great deal of time in the Far East.  คำว่า Lot and plenty ใช้กับประโยคสนทนา แต่ภาษาที่เป็นทางการมักใช้ a great deal(of) + นามเอกพจน์ และใช้ a large number (of)+นามพหูพจน์ ในประโยคบอกเล่าแทนคำว่า much and many
The uaditors have found a large number of mistakes in tghe accounts.

In a more formal style, much and many are also quite often used in affirmative sentences.อาจใช้ much and many กับภาษาที่ไม่เป็นทางการได้ เช่น
Much research has been carried out in order to establish the causes of cancer. In the opinion of many scientists,..
4. Much and many are perfectly normal in affirmative sentences after too, so and as, and in some espressions with very. แต่หลังคำว่า too, so ,as and very มักใช้ much and many เช่น
 Celia talks too much.
You 've bought  too many tomatoes.
There 's so much violence these days.
Try to get as many opinions as you can.
Thank you very much.
I enjoyd the concert very much.
5. Many (adjective) is used before countable nouns.คำว่าmany ใช้กับ นามพหูพจน์
Much (adjective) is used before uncountable nouns.คำว่า much ใช้กับนามนับไม่ได้
  He didn't make many mistakes. We haven't much coffee.
6. They have the same comparative and superlative forms more and most:คำว่า much and many ขั้นกว่าคือ more และขั้นสูงสุดคือ most  เหมือนกัน
  more mistakes /coffee         most men/damage
7. many, much, more , most  can be used as pronouns: คำว่า many, much, more, most ใช้เป็นสรรพนามได้เช่น
  He gets a lot of letters but she doesn't get many.
  You have  a lot of free time but I haven't much.