Take

Take
carry / lead 1.- sth(with you){-sht(to sb)}-(sb)sth to carry or move sth from one place to another: I forgot to take my bag with me when I got off the bus. Take this to the bank for me,would you? Shall I take a gift to my host family? Shall I take my host family a gift? นำ,หยิบ,เอาไป
2.To go with sb from one place to another , especially to guide or lead them: It's too far -I'll take you by car. A boy took us to our room. I'm taking the kids swimming later. The boys were taken to see their grandparents most weekends. นำ / พา
3.to make sb/sth go from one level,situation, etc. to another: Her energy and talent took her to the top of her profession. The new loan takes the total debt to $100,000. I'd like to take my argument a stage further. He believes he has the skills to take the club forward. We'll take the matter forward at our next meeting(= discuss it further). ทำให้ /ก่อให้เกิด/ดำเนินการ
4.Reach and hold- to put your hands or arms around sb/sth and hold them/it ; to reach for sb/sth and hold them/it: I passed him a rope and he took it. Free newspapers: please take one. Can you take (= hold) the baby for a moment? He took her hand /took her by the hand.(=held her hand,for example to lead her somewhere). She took a child in her arms and kissed him. หยิบ/ จับ/ อุ้ม
Remove 5 to remove sth/sb from a place or a person: Will you take your books off the table? The sign must be taken down. He took some keys out of his pocket.My name had been taken off the list. She was playing with a knife so I took it away from her. take-off เอาออก/ take down เอาลง / take away นำเอาไป
6.to remove sth without permission or by mistake: Someone has taken my scarf. Did the burglars take anything valuable? The storms took the lives of 50 people. เอาไป
7. -sth from sth/out of sth to get something from a particulare source: The scientists are taking water samples from the river. Part of her article is taken straight (= copied) out of my book. The machine takes its name from its inventor. นำไป
Capture 8. -sth(from sb) to capture a place or person; to get control of sth:The rebels succeeded in taking the town. The state has taken control of the company . The rebels took him prisoner. He was taken prisoner by the rebels. ควบคุม
Choose/buy 9. to choose, buy or rent sth: I'll take the grey jacket. /We took a room at the hotel for two nights. ใช้
10.to buy a newspaper or magazine regularly: We take the'Express'. ซื้อ
Eat/drink 11.to eat,drink, etc, sth: Do you take sugar in your coffee? The doctor has given me some medicine to take for my cough? He started taking drugs(=illegal drugs) at college.ใช้
Mathematics 12. -a (away) from b [-a away (not used in the progressive tenses) to reduce one number by the value of another. syn subtract: Take 5 from 12 and you're left with 7. 80 take away 5 is 75.เอาออก
Write down 13. to find out and recod sth; to write sth down: The police officer took my name and address. Did you take notes in the class? จด /
Photograph 14. to photograph sb/sth: to take a photograph/picture/ snapshot of sb/sth. to have your picture/photo taken.ถ่ายภาพ
Measurement 15. to test or measure sth: to take sb's temperature. I need to have my blood pressure taken. วัด /
Seat 16. to sit down in or use a chair,etc. Are these seats taken? Come in; take a seat.จอง/ เชิญนั่ง
Give example 17. used to intgroduce sb/sth as an exaple: Lots of couples have problems in the first year of marriage . Take Ann and Paul. ตัวอย่าง
Accept/received 18. to accept or receive sth: If they offer me the job, I'll take it. She was accused of taking bribes. Does the hotel take credit cards? I't take the call in my office. Why should I take the blame for somebody else's mistakes? If you take my advice you'll have nothing more to do with him. Will you take $10 for the book(= will you sell it for $10)? The store took(=sold goods worth) $100000 last week.รับ/
19. to accept sb as a customer, patient,etc: The shool doesn't take boys (=only has girls). The dentist can't take any new patients. รับ
20.to experience or be affected by sth: The school took the full force of the explosion. Can the ropes take the strean(=not break)? The team took a terrible beating. ประสบการณ์
21.to be able to bear sth: She can't take criticism. I don't think little hard to take.
22.to react to sth/sb in a particular way: He took the criticism surprisingly well. These threats are not to be taken lightly. She took it in the spirit in which it was intended.
consider
23.-sth(as sth)(not used in the progressive tense) to understand or consider sth in a particular way: She took what he said as a compliment. How am I supposed to take that remark? Taken overall, the project was a success. What did you take his comment to mean?
24.-sb/sth for sb/sth to bve sb/sth .to consider sb /sth to be sb/sth, especially when you are wrong: even the experts took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh. Of course, I didn't do it! What do you take me for(= what sort of person do you think I am) I took the man with him to be his father.
Have feeling/opinion 25. to have a particular feeling,opinion or attitude : My parents always took an interest in my hobbies. Don't take offence(= be offened) at what I said. I took a dislike to him. He takes the view that children are responsible for their own actions.
Action 26. to use a particular course of action in order to deal with or achieve sth: The government is taking action to combat drug abuse. We need to take a different approach to the problem.
27. used with nouns to say that sb is doing sth, performing an action,etc: to take a step/walk/ stroll. to take a bath/ shower/ wash. to take a look/ glance. to take a break/rest. No decision will be taken on the matter until next week.
Form/position 28. to have a particular form, position or state:Our next class will take the form of a debate. The new President takes office in January.
Time 29. to need or require a particular amount of time: The journey to the airport takes about half an hour.I takes about half an hour to get to the airport. It took her three hours to repair her bike. That cut is taking a long time to heal. It'll take her time to recover from the illness. I'll take time (= take a long time) for her to revover from the illness. I need a shower- I won't take long.
Need 30. to need or require sth in order to happen or be done: It only takes one careless driver to cause an accident.It doesn't take much to make her angry. He didn't take much persuading (=he was easily persuaded)
31. to use sth in order to work:All new cars take unleaded petrol.
Size of shoes/clothes 32. to wear a particular size in shoes or clothes: What size shoes do you take?
Hold/contain 33. to have enough space for sth/sb; to be able to hold or contain a particular quantiy:The bus can take 60 passengers/ The tank takes 50 litres.
Teach/lead 34. -sb(for sth)[-sth to be the teacher or leader in a class or a religious service: The head teacher usually takes us for French.
study 35. to study a subject at school,college,etc.: She is planning to take a compugte course. How many subjects are you taking this year?
Exam 36. to do an exam or a test: When did you take your driving test?
Transport/road 37. to use a form of transport, a road, apath,etc,to go to a place: to take the bus/plane/tgreain. to take a cap . take the second road on the right. It' moree interesting to take thew coast road.
Go over/ around 38. to go over or around sth: The horse took the first fench well. He takes bends much too fast.
In sports 39. to kick or throw the ball from a fixed or agreeed position: to take a penalty/free kick/ corner.
Vote/survey 40. to use a particular method to find out people's opinions: to take a vote/poll/survey
Be successful 41. to be successful ; to work: The skin graft failed to take.
Grammar 42. to have or required sth when used in a sentence or toher structure: The verb 'rely'takes the prepositon 'on'.

carry

Carry
take with you 1.to support the weight of sb/sth and take them or it from place to place; He was carrying a suitcase. She carried her baby in her arms. The injured were carried away on stretchers. a train carrying computer to work.
2.to have sth with you and take it wherever you go: Police in many countries carry guns. I never carry much money on me.
pipes / wires 3. to contain and direct the flow of water, electricity, etc.: a pipeline carrying oil. The veins carry blood to the heart.
disease 4. if a person, an insect, etc. carries a disease, they are infected with it and might spread it to others although they might not become sick themselves: Ticks can carry a nasty disease which affects humans.
remember 5. -sth in your head/mind to be able to remember sth
support weight 6. to support the weight of sth: a road bridge has to carry a lot of traffic.
resposibility 7. to accept responsibility for sth; to suffer the rusults of sth: He is carrying the department(= it is only working because of his efforts.) Their group was targeted to carry the burden of job losses.
Have has quality/feature 8 to have sth as a qulity or feature:Her speech carried the ring of authority. My views don't carry much weight with(=have much influenced on) the boss. Each bike carries a ten -year guarantee.
9.to have sth as a result : Crimes of violence carry heavy penalties. Each combat sport, karate carries with it the risk of injure
of throw/kick 10. if sth that is thrown, kicked, etc, carries a particualar distance, it travels a that distance before stopping: The fullback's kick carried 50 metres into the crowd.
of sound 11 If a sound crries, it can be heard a long distance away.
Take to place /position 12. -sht/sb to/ into sht to take sth/sb to a particular poin or in a particular direction: The war was carried into enemy territory. Her abilityes carred her to the top of here profession.
approval/support 13. to approve of sth by more people voting for it than against it: The resolution was carried by 340 votes to 210
14.to win the support or sympathy of sb; to persuade people to accept your argument: His moving speech was enough to carry the audience. She nodded in agreement,and he saw he had carried his point.
Have label 15. to have a particular label or piece of information attached: Cigarettes carry a health warning.
News story 16. if a newspaper or broadcasst carries a particular story ,it publishes or broadcast it.
Item in story 17 if a shop/store c arries a particular item,it has it for sale: We carry a range of educational software.
Baby 18 be carrying sb to be pregnant with sb: She was carrying twins.

Yourself 19 to hold or move you head or body in a particular way: to carry yourself well.
Adding number 20 to add a number to the next column on the left when add up numbers. for example when the numbers add up to more than ten.

transit, transport, transfer

transit/ n.

1.the process of being moved or carried from one place to another: The cost includes transit. goods damaged in transit.
2. the act of going through a place on the way to somewhere else:The transit lounge at Vienna airport. A transit Visa.(= one that allows a person to pass through a country but not to stay here.
3.the system of buses, trains,etc. which people use to travel from one place o another: the city's mass/public transit system.

transport v.
1.to take sth/sb from one place to another in a vehicle: to transport goods/passengers.
2.to move sth. somewhere by means of a natural process. /syn/carry. The seeds are transported by the wind. Blood transports oxygen around the body.
3.to make sb feel that they are in a different place,time or situation: The book transports you to another world.
4.(in the pass) to send sb to a far way place as a punishment: British convicts were transported to
Australia for life.

Transfer v.
To new place 1.(sth/sb)(from....)(to...) to move from one place to another; to move sth/sb from one place to another: The film studio is transferring to Hollywoold. How can I transfer money from my bank account to his? The patient was transferred to another hospital. I couldn't transfer all my credits from junior college. I spend a semester in Madrid, Will my credits transfer?
To new job/ school/situation 2.(sb)(from..)(to..)to move from one job,school,situation,etc.to another;to arrage for sb to move: Children usually transfer to secondary school at 11 or 12. He transerred to Ucla after his freshman year. Ten employees are being transferred from the sales department.
Feeling/ disease/power 3. if you transfer a feeing,a disease, or power,etc. or if it transfers from one person to another,the second person has it, often instead of the first: Joe had alreadly transferred his affections from Lisa to Cleo. This disease is rarely transferred from mother to baby. (=so that the baby has it as well as the mother).
Property 4. -sth(to sb) to officially arrange for sth to belong to sb else or for sb else to control sth./syn/sign over" He transferred the property to his son.
In sport 5. -(sb)(form..) (to...) to move, or to move sb,to a different sports team,especially a professional football(soccer) team: He transferred to Everton for f6 million. He was fransferred from Spurs to Arsenal for a huge fee.
To new vehicle 6.-(sb)(from..)(to..) to change to a different vehicle during a journey; to arrange for sb to change to a different vehicle during a journey: I transferred at Bharain for a flight to Singapore. Passengers are transferred from the airport to the hotel by taxi.
Information/ music,etc. 7. -(sth)(form sth)(to sth) to copy information, music an idea ,etc. from one method fo recording or presenting it to another ; to be recorded or presented in a different way: You can transfer data to a dish in a few seconds. The novel does not transfer well to the movies.

Task, Job, work,labour

Task = noun 1. a piece of work that sb has to do, especilly a hard or unpleasant one: to perform/carry out/ complete/undertake at task

2.an activity which is designed to help achieve a particular learning goal , especially in language teaching: tast -based learning

v. to give sb a task to do

Job

n. paid work 1. work for which you receive regualar payment: He's trying to get a job. She took a job as a waitress. His brother's just lost his job. a summer/holiday/Saturday/vacation job. a temperary ,permanent job . I' m thinking of applying for a new job. The takeover of the company is bound to mean more job losses. Many women are in part-time jobs. Did they offer you a job? He certainly knows his job.( = is very good at his job) I'm only doing my job.(I 'm doing what I am paid to do) He's been out of a job. (= unemployed) for six months now. She's never had a steady job .(a job that is not going to end suddenly)

Task 2. a particular task or piece of work that you have to do: I've got various job around the house to do. Sorting these papers out is going to be a long job. The builder has a couple of jobs on at the moment.

Duty 3. a responsible or duty: It's not my job to lock up?


Crime 4. a crime, especially stealing: a bank job. an inside job (done by sb in organization where the crime happened.)

Object 5. aparticula kind of thing: It's real wood-not one of those plastic jobs.

Computing 6. an item of work which is done by a computer as a single unit.

Do the job=to be effective or successful in doing what you want: This extra strong glue should do the job.

Work v.

do job/task.1.To do sth that involves physical or mental effort,especially as part of a job: I can't work if I 'm cold. I've been working at my assignment all day. He is working on a new novel. She's outside,working on his the car. Doctors often work very ong hours.

2. To have a job: Both my parents work. She works for an engineering company. I've always worked in education. Do you enjoy working with children? My son is working as a teacher.

Make effort 3. to make yourself/sb work,especially very hard: She works herself too hard.

4.to make effors to achieve sth: She dedicted her life to working for peace. The committee is working to get the prisioners freed.

Manage 5.to manage or operate sth. to gain benefit for it: I work the land(=grow crops on it, ete.) He works a large area(- selling a company's goods,etc.) She was a skilul speaker who know how to work a crowd (= at excite them or make them feel sth strongly).

Machine/device 6. to function; to operate: The phone isn't wroking. It works by electicity. Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?

7. to make a machine,device,etc. operate: Do you know how to work the coffee machine? The machine is worked by wind power.

Have result/effect 8 to have the result or effect that you want: The pills the doctor gave me aren't wroking. My plan worked , and I got them to agree. His charm doesn't work on me(=does not affecr or impress me)

9 to have a particular effect: Your age can work against you in this job. Speaking Italian should work in his favour.

10 to cause or produce sth as a rusult of effort: You can wrok miracles with very little money if you follow our home decoration tips.

Use material 11 to make a material into a particular shape or form by pressing , stretching,hitting it,etc. to wort clay. to work gold . to work the mixure into a paste.

12 ( of an artist,etc,) to use a particular material to produce a picture or other item:an artist working in oils. a craftsman working with wool.

of part of face/ body 13 to move violently: he stared at me in horror, this mouth working.
move gradually 14 to move or pass to a particular

move gradually 14 to move or pass to a particular place or state, usually gradually: It will take a while for the drug to work out of your system. He worked his way to the top of his profession. I was tied up, but managed to work myself free. The screw had worked loose.

Labour n.
work 1 work,especaially physical work: manual labour(= work using your hands) The price will include the labour and materials. The company wonts to keep down labour costs. The workers voted to withdraw their labour costs. (=to stop work as a means of protest.) He was sentenced to two years in a labour camp.(= a type of prison where people have to do hard physical work.
2 a task or period of work: He was so exhausted from the day's labours that he went staight to bed.
people who work 3 the people who work or are available for work in a country or company: a shortage of labour . Employers are using immigrants as cheap labour. Repairs involve skilled labour,which can be expensive. good labour relations(=the relationsip between worker and employers)
having baby 4 the period of time or the process of giving birth to a baby: Jane was in labour for ten hours. She went into labour early. labour pains.
Politics 5 labour the British Labour Party: He always votes Labour. Labour has /have been for nearly ten years.
Verbs.
struggle 1 to try very hard to do sth difficult:He was in his study labouring away over some old papers. They laboured for years to clear their son's name.
work hard 2 to do hard physical work: We laboured all day in the fields. (old-fahioned) the labouring classes (= the working classes)
Move with difficulty 3 to move wiht difficulty and effort.=struggle: The horses laoured up the steep slope.

Lie-Lay; rise-raise; sit-set

The Principal parts of these verbs are-

lie--lay--lain-lying
lay--laid--laid--laying
rise--rose--risen--rising
raise--raised--raised--raising
sit--sat--sat--sittng
set--set--set--setting

Lie,Rise, and Sit are not followed by an object.

The old church lies (is located) north of the town.
I'm going to lie down for a while.
Your book is lying on the hall table.
Mr.Griffin rose (got up)from his chair to greet Mrs Barnes.
The cost of production has risen(has gone up) 40 pe cent.
The water in the river is still rising after the storm.
Please sit in this chair.She sat in the chair by the window and watched the parade.
I have been sitting at my typewriter all day.

Lay,Raise, and Set are followed by an object.

Please don't lay (don't put) that hot dish on the table without a mat under it.
He laid evening paper on the desk when he came in.
My brother was laying (was placing in position) bricks in the patio when we arrived at his house.
Mrs.Loomis raise (grows ) prize roses.
My landlady (increased) my rent.
He is raising (is putting up) the window shade to let in the sun.
Mr.Early always sets(put)his briefcase on the mantle.
Ed set (established) a good example for his younger brothers.
She is setting the table (is arranging the table for a meal.)

Do and Make

Do means to perform, accomplish, or finish.
Make means to costruct, build ,or create.

He does his job well.
We did a number of things today.
They did their homework this afternoon.

He made all of the furniture in this room.
Maraget makes her own clothes.
They make costume fewelry for department stores.

*Do is used in the expressions in boldface type in the sentences below:
You always do the right thing,but I always seem to do the wrong thing.
Bill always does his best.
Will you do me a favor?
He does a lot of good for mankind.
Mr.Marks does the cooking on Sundays.
We did the dishes (washed and dried the dishes) in a hurry.
When we're short of money, we do without (get along or go without) cigarettes.
Let's do away with (dispense with or get rid of) all this red tape.
He did these paintings (painted the pictures) when he was in Italy.

Make is used in the expressions in boldface type in the sentences below:
I hope I didn't make too many mistakes in the exam.
Mr. Willis should make (give) the speech of welcome.
Mrs.Preston made ( prepared) the salad while Mr.Preston broiled the steaks.
The maid makes (puts in order) the beds very day.
I have to make (earning) a lot of money in the stock market.
She is making the arrangements (organizing) for the party.
Please make certain(be sure) that you have not forgotten anything.
It is important to make a good impression(create favorabvle reaction) on people.
Your suggestion make sense(is sensible or practical).
Will his illness make a diffference (cause a change) in his attitude toward his work?
The organizsation is making steady progress ( advancing or going forward) toward their goal.
I would like to make a request (ask a vavor).
Why are you making fun of (mocking or ridiculing) me ?
I have to make up my mind(decide) by tomorrow.
I'll make up (invent or think up) some excuse.
Why don't you make up with (settle your differences with) Fred?

Talk and speak

Talk and Speak refer to the act of oral communication and are used in the following types of situations:
1.Talk or speak - to somesone (about something or someone):
I talked to her today.
He spoke to Mrs.Perkins this morning.
He talked to us about the present-day economic system.
If I were you, I would speak to Mr.Green about the situation.

2. Talk or Speak -about something or someone:
After the lecture,some of the studensts stayed and talked about what the professor had said.
The lecturer spoke about the seriousness of juvenile delingquency throughout the world.
We talked about our old school friends all afternoon.

*Although both Talk and Speak are used in these constructions,we tend to use Talk referring to discussion or coversation on a more informal level, as in the sentence,""We talked about (rather than spoke about) our friends." Also compare:
We talked for an hour.(Our conversation lasted an hour)
He spoke for twenty minutes.(His speech lasted twenty minutes.)

3.Speak is ordinarily used to refer to the act of making or giving a speech or to the manner in which someone speaks.
The President will speak at the banquet.
Did the football coach speak at the rally?
You speak very clearly.
Mrs.Neeley speaks French with a Texal drawl.

say and tell

Both Say and Tell are used in relating indirectly what someone has said.
He says that you are a very good student.
He said to me the other day that we should have good weather next week.
They tell me that you are doing a fine job.
He told Jack that he would meet us for lunch.

*In these structures, an indirect object follows Tell; a to-phrase, not a indirect object, may follow say.
*Say and Tell are also used in referring to the kind of things that someone says about someone or something.
What did he say?
He said some very nice things to her.
He told us many good things about your work.

*Say is used in quoting directly from a spoken or written source.
In his speech of acceptance last Tuesday, the new director said,"I know that I shall enjoy working with all of you".
In a recent article in a fashion magazine ,a well-known dress desinger said,"Women will wear whatever I decide they should wear."

*Tell is used in the following situations:
1.Tell -the truth or a lie:
Rodney always tells the truth.
He always tells us the truth.
According to legend, George Washington could never tell a lie.
He couldn't tell a lie to his father.
-In this construction, an indirect object may follow tell or a to-phrase may follow the direc object.

2.Tell-a story, a joke, the news, the facts, and so forth.
Try to tell me all the important facts.
Why don't you tell Stella the joke you told me yesterday?
George has alreadly told the good news to her wife.
She is alwasy telling fantastic stories about herself.
-An indirec object may follow tell or a to-phrase may follow the direct object

3.Tell-about experienes,plans, and so forth:
Please tell us about your experiences in Alaska.
Denise has already told them about her plans.
-An indirect object may follow tell.

4.Tell--time:
Would you please tell me the time?
Can you tell me the time?
-An indirec object usually follows tell in expressions of this kind

5.Tell--one thing or person from another (make out or distinguish):
Can you tell one brand of coffee from another?
I can't tell the twins apart.
-Neither an indirect objerct nor a to-phrase follows tell in expressions of time kind.